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Compare Indian Ocean (2004) - Bermuda (2003)

Compare Indian Ocean (2004) z Bermuda (2003)

 Indian Ocean (2004)Bermuda (2003)
 Indian OceanBermuda
Administrative divisions - 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick
Age structure - 0-14 years: 19.2% (male 6,195; female 6,205)


15-64 years: 69.3% (male 22,110; female 22,574)


65 years and over: 11.5% (male 3,215; female 4,183) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products - bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products
Airports - 1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Area total: 68.556 million sq km


note: includes Andaman Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Flores Sea, Great Australian Bight, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Java Sea, Mozambique Channel, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Savu Sea, Strait of Malacca, Timor Sea, and other tributary water bodies		 total: 53.3 sq km


land: 53.3 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative about 5.5 times the size of the US about one-third the size of Washington, DC
Background The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, but larger than the Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean). Four critically important access waterways are the Suez Canal (Egypt), Bab el Mandeb (Djibouti-Yemen), Strait of Hormuz (Iran-Oman), and Strait of Malacca (Indonesia-Malaysia). The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Indian Ocean south of 60 degrees south. Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists headed for Virginia. Tourism to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important to the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years. Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence was soundly defeated in 1995.
Birth rate - 12.13 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget - revenues: $609.5 million


expenditures: $574.6 million, including capital expenditures of $54.8 million (FY 00/01)
Capital - Hamilton
Climate northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
Coastline 66,526 km 103 km
Constitution - 8 June 1968, amended 1989
Country name - conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Bermuda


former: Somers Islands
Currency - Bermudian dollar (BMD)
Death rate - 7.46 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external - $145 million (FY 99/00)
Dependency status - overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission: Consul General Denis Patrick COLEMAN, Jr.


consulate(s) general: Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire DVO3


mailing address: P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; American Consulate General Hamilton, Department of State, 5300 Hamilton Place, Washington, DC 20520-5300


telephone: [1] (441) 295-1342


FAX: [1] (441) 295-1592, [1] (441) 296-9233
Diplomatic representation in the US - none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international some maritime disputes (see littoral states) none
Economic aid - recipient - $NA
Economy - overview The Indian Ocean provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Russia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan also exploit the Indian Ocean, mainly for shrimp and tuna. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, and western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. Beach sands rich in heavy minerals and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly India, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, with its economy primarily based on providing financial services for international business and luxury facilities for tourists. The effects of 11 September 2001 have had both positive and negative ramifications for Bermuda. On the positive side, a number of new reinsurance companies have located on the island, contributing to the expansion of an already robust international business sector. On the negative side, Bermuda's tourism industry - which derives over 80% of its visitors from the US - has been severely hit as American tourists have chosen not to travel. Tourism rebounded somewhat in 2002, but remains below the pre-11 September level. Most capital equipment and food must be imported. Bermuda's industrial sector is small, although construction continues to be important. Agriculture is limited, only 6% of the land being arable.
Electricity - consumption - 598.6 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production - 643.7 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Java Trench -7,258 m


highest point: sea level 0 m		 lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Town Hill 76 m
Environment - current issues endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea asbestos disposal; water pollution; preservation of open space; sustainable development
Ethnic groups - black 58%, white 36%, other 6%
Exchange rates - Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)
Executive branch - chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Sir John VEREKER (since NA April 2002)


head of government: Premier Alex SCOTT (since 24 July 2003)


cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed premier by the governor
Exports - NA (2001)
Exports - commodities - reexports of pharmaceuticals
Exports - partners - France 77.4%, UK 2.8%, US 2.4% (2002)
Fiscal year - 1 April - 31 March
Flag description - red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag
GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.25 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 1%


industry: 10%


services: 89% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $35,200 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 0.5% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 20 00 S, 80 00 E 32 20 N, 64 45 W
Geography - note major chokepoints include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca, southern access to the Suez Canal, and the Lombok Strait consists of about 138 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995
Highways - total: 450 km


paved: 450 km


unpaved: 0 km


note: public roads - 209 km; private roads - 241 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports - NA (2001)
Imports - commodities - machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals
Imports - partners - Kazakhstan 30.9%, France 24.7%, Italy 10.5%, US 9.7%, South Korea 8.4%, Mexico 4.3% (2002)
Independence - none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - tourism, international business, light manufacturing
Infant mortality rate - total: 9.05 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 10.77 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 7.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 2.3% (July 2002)
International organization participation - Caricom (observer), ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, WCO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 20 (2000)
Irrigated land - NA sq km
Judicial branch - Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts
Labor force - 37,472 (2000)
Labor force - by occupation - clerical 22%, services 20%, laborers 17%, professional and technical 17%, administrative and managerial 13%, sales 8%, agriculture and fishing 3% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries - 0 km
Land use - arable land: 6%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 94% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (1998 est.)
Languages - English (official), Portuguese
Legal system - English law
Legislative branch - bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member body appointed by the governor, the premier, and the opposition) and the House of Assembly (36 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last general election held 24 July 2003 (next to be held NA July 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 51.7%, UBP 48%; seats by party - PLP 22, UBP 14
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 77.41 years


male: 75.38 years


female: 79.49 years (2003 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 98%


male: 98%


female: 99% (1970 est.)
Location body of water between Africa, the Southern Ocean, Asia, and Australia North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of North Carolina (US)
Map references Political Map of the World North America
Maritime claims - exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - total: 93 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,993,227 GRT/7,089,760 DWT


ships by type: bulk 25, cargo 4, chemical tanker 1, container 14, liquefied gas 9, passenger 5, petroleum tanker 11, refrigerated cargo 13, roll on/roll off 7, short-sea passenger 4


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Croatia 5, Denmark 2, Germany 1, Greece 1, Hong Kong 9, Indonesia 1, Norway 2, Sweden 11, United Kingdom 52, United States 13 (2002 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches - no regular indigenous military forces; Bermuda Regiment, Bermuda Police Force, Bermuda Reserve Constabulary
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $4.028 million (January 2002)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 0.11% (FY00/01)
National holiday - Bermuda Day, 24 May
Nationality - noun: Bermudian(s)


adjective: Bermudian
Natural hazards occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches hurricanes (June to November)
Natural resources oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism
Net migration rate - 2.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders - National Liberal Party or NLP [Dessaline WALDRON]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [Jennifer SMITH]; United Bermuda Party or UBP [Chairman Wayne FURBERT]
Political pressure groups and leaders - Bermuda Employer's Union [Eddie SAINTS]; Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Derrick BURGESS]; Bermuda Public Services Association or BPSA [leader NA]; Bermuda Union of Teachers [Michael CHARLES]
Population - 64,482 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 0.72% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors Chennai (Madras; India), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Durban (South Africa), Jakarta (Indonesia), Kolkata (Calcutta; India) Melbourne (Australia), Mumbai (Bombay; India), Richards Bay (South Africa) Hamilton, Saint George's, Dockyard
Radio broadcast stations - AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - non-Anglican Protestant 39%, Anglican 27%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 19%
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: NA


domestic: modern, fully automatic telephone system


international: 3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 52,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 7,980 (1996)
Television broadcast stations - 3 (1997)
Terrain surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the southern Indian Ocean; unique reversal of surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean; low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninetyeast Ridge low hills separated by fertile depressions
Total fertility rate - 1.9 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate - 4.5% (1993)
Waterways - none
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